Original Document: Cladogram Analysis
What is a cladogram? It is a diagramthat depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. It is based on PHYLOGENY,which is the study of evolutionary relationships. Sometimes a cladogram is calleda phylogenetic tree (though technically, there are minor differences betweenthe two).
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Example of Cladogram Backbone Placenta Foramen magnum forward TUNA HORSE HUMAN TIME # OF SHARED CHARACTERISTICS E. Summary: On the back of your Worksheet, explain at least three types of information which can be obtained from a cladogram. Cladogram Answer Key. Displaying all worksheets related to - Cladogram Answer Key. Worksheets are Fill out the following character mark an x if an, Cladogram work key, Making cladograms background and procedures phylogeny, Ap biology phylogeny review work tree 1, Practice problems, Essential knowledge phylogenetic trees and, How to make.
In the past, biologists would grouporganisms based solely on their physical appearance. Today, with the advancesin genetics and biochemistry, biologists can look more closely at individualsto discover their pattern of evolution, and group them accordingly - this strategyis called EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION
CLADISTICS is form of analysisthat looks at features of organisms that are considered 'innovations',or newer features that serve some kind of purpose. (Think about what the word'innovation' means in regular language.) These characteristics appearin later organisms but not earlier ones and are called DERIVED CHARACTERS.
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PART I - Analyze the Cladogram
Examine the sample cladogram, eachletter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something different(or newer) than what was seen in previous groups. Match the letter to its character.Note: this cladogram was created for simplicity and understanding, it doesnot represent the established phylogeny for insects and their relatives.
1. __F___ Wings
2. ___C__ 6 Legs
3. ___A___ Segmented Body
4. ___G__ Double set of wings
5. __E___ Cerci (abdomenal appendages)
6. ___D__ Crushing mouthparts
7. ___B___ Legs
8. __H__ Curly Antennae
PART II - Create Your Own Cladogram
To make a cladogram, you must firstlook at the animals you are studying and establish characteristics that theyshare and ones that are unique to each group. For the animals on the table,indicate whether the characteristic is present or not. Based on that chart,create a cladogram like the one pictured above.
| Cells | Legs | OpposableThumbs | |||
| Slug | Y | ||||
| Catfish | Y | Y | |||
| Frog | Y | Y | Y | ||
| Tiger | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| Human | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
DRAWING OF YOUR CLADOGRAM